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TheCultureOfWhales

鲸鱼的文化

BrianSkerrysaysitwas"thestuffofdreams"tobeinthewaterwithanursingspermwhale.

布莱恩·斯凯里(BrianSkerry)说:“和一头正在哺乳的抹香鲸在水中共游是‘梦寐以求的事情’。”

TheNationalGeographicphotographerandexplorerdoveintoCaribbeanwaterstocapturewhathebelievestobeauniqueimage.Hegotwithinafewmeterstogettheshot.

这位《国家地理》摄影师同时也是一名探险家,他潜入加勒比海域拍摄了一张他认为独特的照片。拍摄时,他距离鲸鱼只有几米远。

"Thiswasaverytrustingmother,anewmomwithmaybeafive-orsix-month-oldbabythatwasnursingdownatadepthofabout50feet,"hesaid."Iverygentlyapproached,justbreath-holddiving,swamdown.Shesawmeandthenactuallyclosedhereyes.Imean,shewassorelaxedthatIcouldenterintothatworld.Iwasbeingallowedintoherworldandcouldmakethesepictures."

他说:“这是一位非常信任人类的母亲、一位带着五六个月大幼鲸的新妈妈,在海面下50英尺的地方哺乳。我轻轻地靠近,屏气下潜。她看到了我,然后闭上了眼睛。她十分放松,允许我进入它们的世界,我因此拍到了这些照片。”

ThatmomentproducedoneofseveralrareimagesinanewissueofNationalGeographicmagazine,theculminationofSkerrysthree-yearprojectexploringthecultureofwhales.

这个瞬间诞生了一张新一期《国家地理》上的珍稀照片,是斯凯里鲸鱼文化研究项目三年来的巅峰。

"Behavioriswhatwedo.Cultureishowwedoit,"hesays,paraphrasingspermwhalebiologistShaneGero.

他借用抹香鲸生物学家谢恩·格罗(ShaneGero)的话说道:“行为是说我们做什么,文化是说我们怎么做。”

Inthephotographs,Skerryassemblesexamplesofwhalebehaviorthatseemalmosthuman:belugasplayintheshallows,orcasteachtheirpupstohunt,spermwhalesnurseandbabysit.

在这些照片中,斯凯里列举了一些鲸鱼很像人类的行为:白鲸在浅滩上玩耍;虎鲸教幼崽捕猎;抹香鲸哺乳和照看孩子。

FamilyunitsofspermwhalesintheeasternCaribbeanSeanearDominicaappearto"speakthesamedialect,forlackofabetteranalogy,"Skerrysays."AccordingtotheresearcherslikeShaneGero,theydontinterminglewithotherspermwhalesthatmightmoveintothosewaters."

斯凯里说:“在多米尼加附近的东加勒比海,抹香鲸家族似乎‘说着同样的方言’,我找不出更好的比喻来形容。按照谢恩·格罗等研究人员的说法,它们能区分出其他可能进入这些水域的抹香鲸。”

Humpbackwhales,knownfordecadesfortheirmusicalabilities,frequentlyandmysteriouslychangetheirtunes.Researchersobservenewmelodiestravelthroughpopulationsacrosstheseas.Skerrylikensthephenomenontoahitsong.

几十年来,座头鲸以其音乐能力而闻名,它们经常神秘地改变自己的曲调。研究人员监测到有新的旋律在鲸群中传播。斯凯里把这种现象比作一首热门歌曲的流行。

"Itmightsoundlikeahiccup...oracreakingdoororarockingchairattimes,orawoop-woop—youknow,thesedifferentsounds.Thentheresmoreofasad,almostmelancholysoundtoitthatisalittlebitmorelikeasong,"hesays."Buttheymemorizeit.Imean,theyhaveitdownperfectly.Andwhatyouhearinoneplaceisoftenexactlywhatyoullhearinanotherplace."

他说:“听起来像是在打嗝……或者像吱吱作响的门或摇椅,又或者像是呜呜声等不同的声音。它们发出悲伤的、近乎忧郁的声音,更像是一首歌。但它们能够记住这样的歌,还记得很清楚。你在一个地方听到的往往和你在另一个地方听到的完全一样。”

Skerry,arenownedunderwaterphotographer,saysthisprojectmadehimreflectonhisrelationshipwithwhales.ThetendermomentshewitnessedcontrastedwithhischildhoodspentreadingepictalesofleviathanslikeMoby-Dick."Thesearevery



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